Assiotob to bockeobb malleable



J 1929.. G. c. K QSIAN 1,715,711

SAND BLAST APPARATUS Filed Jan. 11, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 4, 1929. N 1,715,711

SAND BLAST APPARATUS Fi1ed Jan. 11, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 4, 1929. ca. c. KOSIAN 1,715,711

' SANDBLAST APPARATUS Filed Jan. 11, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 4, 1929. G. c. KOSIAN SAND BLAST APPARATUS 5 Sheet-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 11, 1925 June 4,1929. c, .KQSIAN 1,715,711

SAND BLAST APPARATUS Filed Jan. 11, 1923 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented June 4, 1929. 3

UNITED STATES.

I 1,215,3151 rarest GFFICE."

GUSTAVE C. KOSIAN, OF BOCKFQRD, ILLINOIS, .ASSHGNOB TO ROCKFORD MALLEABLE IRON WORKS, 013 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS. A GOBZFOB-ATION ()F ILLINOIS.

s un-erase APPARATUS.

Application filed January 11, 1923. Serial 110. 611,956.

This invention pertains in general to cleaning by sand and other abrasivesqand has more particular reference to sand blast apparatus in which the articles to be cleaned are tumwhich. have been inherently cumbersome and have imposed a great deal of friction; and the consequent increased power rcquired=f m driving. liurthermore, because oi these opcrating parts being exposed to the sand. scale and other foreign matter. they are comparatively short lived and continually requiring repair, with the result that the cost of main tenance and operation is comparatively high.

One of the primary objects of the present invention is to obviate the objections 1nentioned by the provision of generally im'e proved. sand blastapparatus, which will be con'iparativelylong lived and will require a minin'ium amount of power for operationand low cost for maintenance. Another object is therefore to effect economy in sand blasting castings and the like. I

In furtherance of the foregoing general obj cots. my invention contemplates the provision of a novel tumbling barrel'and mounting therefor. the barrel being characterized by its undulated drum structure, and its mountin by trunnions supported on rollers which, with the trunnions are housed in. oil

tight and dust-proof casings. The undulations of the drum function to tumble or turn the castings most effectively to insure the de sired presentation of all sides to the sand blast. lhe novel mounting of the tumbling.

barrel is a very important factor in my inven-. tion in promoting sand blast eflicieney as it not only provides an ideal mountingfor the honin barr l adapted for long service with; out attention, but it also provides for a most.

livery means of the injector type, which will he. explained more fully hereinafter.

Another object is to improve'the means for handling the sand so that it may be most officiently moved in its cycle.

Qther obj ect s and attendant adyantages will be appreciated by those skilled in this art as the invention becomes better understood by ret'erence to the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1. is a front view otasand blast inachine embodying my invention I Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the machine taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;. i j

' Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken substantially on the line l-lof Fig. 3;

Figs. 5 and 6 are sections taken on the lines 5+0 and 66'respectively, of Fig. 3;

Figs. 7" and 8 are top views of the lower sections of the trunnierr-supporting casings at the right and left hand ends of the ma: chine, respectively, viewing Fig. 3;

F 9. is a section taken on. the line 99 of F 8;v e

F 10 is a perspective view of the chargin plate forming part of the tumbling barrel d'rumz Fig. 11 is a detail section through the sand blast injector taken on the line 11-11 of '85 Fig. 3; and

Fig. 12 is a top view of the injector casting and sandblast nozzle co-planar with said injector section.

Tumbling barrel. [The tumblin barrel is composed, generally stated, of op1 )osedhcads'15 and 16 joinedby drum plates 1? and carried by hollow trunnions 18 and 19, respectively. p In. view of the large dimensions and heavy proportions of those parts, I prefer'that they shallbe made separately by'casting. Each head 15 and 16 seated on a shoulder 21 at the inner end of its respective trunnion is secured by bolts 22 toa trunnion flange 23. Said heads each have an annular flange to which complemental ends of the drum plates 17 are secured by bolts 25. Th ese' drum plates intermediate the heads are shaped to provide undulations 0t substantial depth, as clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4-, the undulations of each plate matching those of the adjoining plates providing an'endless symmetrical internal undulation in the plane of rotation. The drum plates 0 are, therefore, segmental as shown in Fig. 1; and suitable openings 26 are provided between the plates to permit escape of the sand. These openings or perforations may be formed by drilling or by allowing interstices between the plates. The undulated internal wall of the drum functions upon rotation to positively carry the mass of castings with the drum so that the leading or upper end of the mass will be raised to a comparatively high level and the castings at such end Will roll back down over the mass. Thus, all of the castings travel in a cycle in which they are periodically raised to the high end of the mass and roll down over it. As will be explained hereinafter, one or more continuous blasts of sand or other abrasive material are delivered against both the mass of castings and said rolling castings. This blast is preferably so arranged as to strike the rolling castings with the greatest force, and since the castings are continually turning, the entire surface of each will be inevitably presented at different times to the sand blast and thus effectively cleaned. The blast also strikes the mass of castings beneath the rolling castings and functions to loosen the sand and scale and to clean these also before the force of the blast is spent. This spent sand gravitates to the lowest points in the troughs or pockets formed by the undulations and readily escape through the openings in the drum. It will be further observed that the series of troughs or pockets formed by the undulatory shape of the wall, not only positively moves the mass of castings with the drum but causes small masses of castings at the upper end to roll down over the mass, although at all times there are castings in motion, rolling down the mass and breaking away at irregular intervals from the top thereof. However, the castings in the pockets or troughs formed by the undulatory wall will be carried to a higher level than otherwise, and said small masses raised to this higher level but not above and separated from the main mass, will have greater momentum when rolling down and will present a greater number of square inches of surface to the sand blast per unit of time than if rolling slowly from a lower level. This hastens the cleaning action and promotes greater efficiency in a machine of this class.

One of the drum plates 17, best shown in Fig. 10, at present double the width of the plates 17, has a charging opening 27 therethrough, and seats 28 at the end of such opening for the reception of a charging door 29. This charging door, it will be noted, has un-, dulations complemental to those on the plate 17', so that the continuity in the shape of the internal wall is not broken. The charging door is preferably bodily removable from the drum for charging and unloading, and I prefer to employ a crane (not shown) adapted to connect to the eye-bolt 31 for handling the heavy door. Clamping blocks 32 disposed. in the. outside hollows of the plate 17 are adapted for rigidly clamping the charging door to the seats 28. A bolt 25 passing through a slot 33 in each clamping block and through the flange 34 of the plate 17', is threaded into the flange 21 of the adjacent head 15, thereby serving to tighten the clam is and also to hold the plate 17 in position. t will be manifest that when the bolts 25' are loosened, the clamping blocks may be slid outwardly from their clamped position shown in Figs. 1 and 10, thereby permitting removal of the charging door, and that by reversal of these operations the charging door may be rigidly clamped in closed position. The charging opening may obviously traverse the width of one or more drum plates, but in order to insure greater rigidity and sturdiness of construction, I prefer to form the opening in a single plate and to reinforce the longitudinal edges by ribs 35, as shown.

The foregoing construction is especially advantageous in that any of the drum plates may be removed without dismantling the entire barrel or removing it from its bearings, thus permitting quick and easy replacement of drum plates when necessary.

Tumbling barrel mmmtiwy and drive.

Each trunnion 18 and 19 is supported on a pair of rollers 36, best shown in Fig. (3, which in turn are mounted on anti-friction rollers 37 on a supporting shaft 25 The rollers 36 for the trunnion 18 are supported in the lower section 39 of a casing and the rollers for the trunnion 19 in a lower casing section 41. Each of these casing sections seats upon and is secured by bolts -12 to a side housing designated generally by +3. These side housings are preferably heavy castings forming the main supporting structure for the tumbling barrel and also providing a side frame and re-- taining wall for the sand hopper which will be described later. llach lower casing section is hung in a recess 44 as shown in Fig. (5, and is shaped to provide an inclosure about the lower half of its respective trunnion, and also to serve as an oil reservoir. Upper easing sections 15 and 16 rest upon the lower casing sections 39 and ll respectively, and are shaped to inclose the upper half of the respective trunnions. Said casings are suitably secured together as by bolts. Packing is provided for all joints, thru which access may be had to the compartment inclosed by said casing sections, thus making the trunnion bearings dust proof. I prefer to groove these joints as indicated by 17 and to fill said grooves with heavy felt packing 48. It will be observed viewing Figs. 3, 7, 8 and 9 that this packing circiunscribcs each trunnion at its inner and outer ends, so that its bearing surface 49 is disposed wholly within the in Ill) closed, packed-joint compartment, and that the meeting edges-between the upper and lower sections are likewise packed.

which the rollers 36 dip.

The casin for. the trunnion 18 also has an.

compartment provided by the casing portion also serves as a lubricant container for the gearing. Any suitable means may be employed for driving the shaft 5d,.as for example a belt andpulley 56, the latter having a bevel gear connection, not shown, with the shaft 54:. This means serves to revolve the tumbling drum slowly at a uniform speed,

and may be started and stopped atwillto properly position the charging door in front of the machine. a I

From the foregoing'it will be seen that the trunnions are revolubly mounted on antifrietion roller bearings, which together with the'drive gearing are entirely inclosed in dust proofcasings. This'mount-ing is very eflieient for sand blast machines and will not be affected by the sand and dust which is present to a greater or less extent during operation,and which has been very destructive to the mountings of prior machines.

Sand blast injector.

Means is provided in each hollow trunnion for delivering a blast of sand into the turnbling barrel. Inasmuch as the construction of each sand blast delivery means is similar,

a description of one will. suflice, similar ref-v erence numerals being. applied to duphcate clined downwardly and passes diagonally.

through the hollow trunnion.- This casting also provides at the upper-end of said chamber, a pair of air nozzle openings 59, and at the lower end a' blastnozzle opening 61, both of which are co-planar with said major. axis of the mixing chamber. Saidcastin'g is further shapedlto provide a sand inlet or feed opening 62 on its under sideintermediate said openings 59 andj61 and a downwardly reaching sand-feed pipe 63 terminating-be.-

yond the end of the trunnion. Air is delive ered: under high pressure to the mixing chains ber 58 through two nozzles, each comprising Each lower casing section provides an oil: well or reservoir olwadapted to carry lubricant in a body 64 threaded in an opening 59 and having ajet 65 disposed within the mixing chamher and an angular head .at the exterior thereof, terminating in a. coupling end 67 to which an air pressure hose 68 is attached. Each jet is covered throughout its length by a rubber sheath 69 for preventing abrasion of the jet by the sand. A sand blast nozzle '71 having a tapered end 72 secured in the opening 61 by suitable means, suchIas vset screws 73, is provided with two parallel delivery passages 74 co-axial withthejets 65.1

The deliveryendof the blast nozzle is directed into the tumbling drum through an opening in a stationary head 75, which closes the inner end of the hollow trunnion and is attachedby abolt 76 to'a bracket extension 77 of the injector casting. This casting has also an outer bracketextension 78terminating in ahead- 79secured by bolts 81 to'a bracket 82, whiclris bolted at its ends .to thelower section of the trunnion casing; The bolts 81 pass through varcuate slots 83 concentric withthe axis of the tumbling barrel. This con-.1 struction permits adjustment of the injector bracket about said axis for the-purpose of settingthe delivery of the-sand blast atany point in an are within the lower portion of thebarrel, thereby enabling the sand blast to be most effectively used for castings of dif,-. ferentsizes and shapes. A hose 84 connects the lowerend of the sand feed passage63 to v I a sand hopper,

which will be presently described. a

I17 ousiag and hopper structure.

side housings. Said side housings are held in rigid relative; relation by upper and lower cross bars 87 and 88. Channel bars 89 like wise COIIDBCtlIlgSiilCl sldehousings, support a scale screen'91 which-reaches from one side housing to the otherand from therearv wall 92 to the front of the-machine and inclined downwardly. This screen allows the falling'sand to pass through tothe hoppers but intercepts any 'largeparticles ofscale and other foreign matter. The upper edges of the front'and rearwalls 93. and 94 are also. attached to the channel bars 89 and converge downwardly. The inner wall 95 of each hopper is also inclineddownwardly toward, the adjacent side housing. Each hopper isthus restricted practically to apoint at its "lower end, and has an outlet 96in such end through,

which the sand is adapted to flow into an open-top pocket 97 formed by a bracket 98 attached to the youter side of the adjacent side housing.,. Each suction hose 84. connects;-

at its lower end to a pipe 99 emanating from said pocket. A swinging gate valve 101 is adapted to control the delivery of sand through the opening 96 into the pocket 97.

A hood 102 incloses the upper half of the tumbling barrel, except for the front which is adapted to be closed by any suitable closure, such for example as a flexible roll door 103. The lower front of the machine, also open, is adapted to be closed by suitable means such'as swinging doors 104 indicated in Fig. 2. A pipe 105 connected to the top portion of the hood 102 leads to a suction fan, not shown, for drawing the dust-laden air from thehood.

Operation.

The tumbling barrel will be stopped with the charging door at about the position shown in Fig. 4 and there loaded with castings to about one-third capacity, that is, approximately to the level of the lower end of the stationary head 75. After the charging door has been locked in closed position, the tumbling barrel will be continuously revolved at a speed commensurate with the size and shape of the castings, (which in many instances approximates three R. P. M.) in a clockwise direction viewing Fig. 4, causing the castings to tumble in a mass indicated by the dotted line 106. In practice, the injector brackets are adjusted so that the blast is directed' rearwardly so as to strike the mass of castings in a more central position than would result from the vertical setting of said injector castings shown in the drawings. It will also be observed that in practice the level and inclination of the dotted line 106 indicating the top of the mass of castings and the quantity thereof varies considerably according to the size, shape and material of the castings. In some cases the barrel may be loaded to a greater extent than shown, and the high or leading end of the mass will be higher than shown and the angle of thetop of the mass greater.

Air will be delivered from the jets 65 at a high velocity, creating a partial vacuum in the mixing chamber, which induces suction in the sand feedpassages 6384 sufiicient to raise the sand from the pockets 97, to the mixing chambers, from which it will be drawn into the air currents issuing from the jets 65 and expelled through the blast nozzles at a high velocity. The sand blasts have :1 cleaning and abrading action, as are well understood in this art. After theimpact, the sand sifts through the tumbling barrel and into the hoppers 85 in which it gravitates to the lowest points and fills the pockets 97.

By reasonof the arrangement of parts, the sand travels in a, comparatively short cycle, which obviously promotes eiiiciency. Also because of the comparatively small lift of the sand and'slight frictional resistance to its passage, comparatively low air pressure ma be employed for obtaining a blast velocity sufficiently high for all practical pur-' poses. The positioning of the blast injectors in the hollow trunnions is also a factor promoting compactness and accessibility of parts. In regard to the latter feature, it will be observed that in practice it is necessary to frequently inspect the nozzles, and this may be done conveniently with the present construction, especially when changing the blast nozzles 71, which become worn internally from the abrasion by the sand. The double feed nozzles allow maintenance of the desired Velocity and high sand delivery volume with comparatively low air pressure. By mounting the tumbling barrel in the manner disclosed herein, very little power is required for driving the barrel, and the bearings are of such a substantial character and so protected as to possess unusual longevity.

The words sand blast are used in the specification and claims as meaning any abrading material delivered by air pressure or any other force for cleaning or finishing the castings; and castings is used as meaning any part or article to be cleaned or finished by the sand blast, although in practice, these machines are primarily used for cleaning castings only.

It is believed that the foregoing conveys a clear understanding of the objects prefaced above, and it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the principles disclosed herein are important factors in promoting blasting efficiency, low cost of production of sand blastapparatus, and low cost of maintenance and operation thereof. It should be under-- stood that while I have illustrated but a single working embodiment, many changes might be made in the construction and. arrangement without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim: I

1. Sand blast apparatus comprising a tumbling barrel having hollow trunnions, revolubly supported, a supporting part reaching across the outer end of each trunnion, means carried by each supporting part reaching inwardly and equipped at its inner end with a stationary head closing the passage between the interior of the tumbling barrel and the trunnion, and a sand blast nozzle carried by said means for delivering a sand blast through said head.

2. Sand blast apparatus comprising a tumbling barrel having hollow trunnions, revolubly supported, a supporting part reaching across the outer end of each trunnion, means carried by each supporting part reaching inwardly and equipped at its inner end with a stationary head closing the passage between the interior ofthe tumbling barrel and the trunnion, a sand blast nozzle carried by said means for delivering a sand blast through said head, and means for adjusting each nozzle-supporting part about a horizontally disposed axis for varying the delivery of the sand blast with respect to the body of castings within the tumbling barrel.

3. In a sand blast machine, in combination, a barrel having hollow trunnions at its ends, bearings for the trunnions on which the barrel is supported for rotation, a stationary head located approximately in the plane of the end walls Oi the barrel and substantially closing the opening in each hollow trunnion, and a sand blast nozzle for delivering through each stationary head into the barrel.

4;. In a sand blast machine, in combination, a barrel having hollow trunnions at its ends, bearings for the trunnions on which the barrel is supported for rotation, a stationary head substantially closing the opening in each hollow trunnion, and means within the hollow of each trunnion for delivering a blast of sand into the barrel through the interposed head and serving to support said head.

5. In a sand blast machine, in combination,

a barrel having hollow trunnions at its ends,v

' ing a blast of sand into thebarrel, intermeshing barrel driving gears within one of the bearing enclosures one of which gears being concentric with and fixed to the trunnion thereon, means supporting each sand blast gun exterior to the adjacent bearing enclosure, and a stationary head substantially closing the opening through each hollow trunnion and through which the adjacent sand blast gun discharges.

7 In a sand blast machine, a barrel having hollow trunnion ends, bearings for the trunmons on which the barrel 1s supported for rotation, means for rotating the barrel, means providing aclosure across the inner end of each hollow trunnion having a restricted opening for a sand blast nozzle, and independent sand blast delivery means located within each hollow trunnionhaving a dis charge nozzle for delivering, a sand blast through the opening in the trunnion closure.

GUSTAVE o. KOSIAN. 

